Deuteronomy 30:19 – “I call heaven and earth to record this day against you…”
Deuteronomy 31:28 – “…gather unto me all the elders of your tribes… that I may call heaven and earth to record against them.”
Heaven and earth are called to witness the covenant God made with Israel, suggesting they symbolically represent the covenantal order rather than the physical cosmos.
Isaiah 1:2 – “Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the Lord hath spoken…”
Jeremiah 4:23 – “I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was without form, and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.”
These prophets use “heaven and earth” symbolically in reference to Israel's covenantal status, not the literal universe.
Matthew 5:18 – “Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law…”
Matthew 24:35 – “Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.”
Jesus refers to the end of the Old Covenant order, signaling that His eternal words will outlast it.
Isaiah 65:17 – “For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth…”
Isaiah 65:25 – “They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain…”
These verses prophesy a new spiritual order characterized by peace, fulfilled in the Church.
Hebrews 12:22–23 – “But ye are come unto mount Sion… the heavenly Jerusalem… the church of the firstborn…”
2 Peter 3:13 – “We… look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness.”
The Church is described as the heavenly kingdom, the new place where righteousness dwells.
Revelation 12:9–10 – “…the great dragon was cast out… Now is come salvation…”
Revelation 21:1–3 – “I saw a new heaven and a new earth… Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men…”
Satan is cast out, and the Church becomes the purified, holy dwelling place of God—free of sin's dominion.
“Heaven and earth” symbolizes the Old Covenant system, while the “new heavens and new earth” represents the New Covenant in Christ, fulfilled in the Church. This new creation is where God dwells with His people, free of Satan's rule and sin's corruption.